Iseshoni ye-EMDR: indlela entsha yonyango

I-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) yindlela yonyango ekhulayo ekuthandeni. Iseshoni ye-EMDR isentliziyweni yale ndlela, inika imbono entsha kunyango lokuphazamiseka kunye nokukhathazeka. Eli nqaku liphonononga ngokubanzi ukuba yintoni iseshoni ye-EMDR, isebenza njani kunye nefuthe layo kwimpilo yengqondo.

Yintoni i-EMDR kwaye iseshoni yenzeke njani?

I-EMDR luhlobo lonyango lwengqondo olwenziwe nguFrancine Shapiro kwiminyaka yoo-1980. Iseshoni ye-EMDR eqhelekileyo ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-60 ukuya kwengama-90. Ngethuba leseshoni, i-therapist ikhokela isigulane ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lweendlela zokuzivocavoca ezibandakanya ukunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza.

Isigulane sigxininise kwimemori ephazamisayo ngelixa silandela umnwe womgulana njengoko uhamba ukusuka kwelinye icala lentsimi yakhe yombono ukuya kwelinye. Olu vuselelo lutshintshanayo lunokwenziwa ngokutshintshana kwezandi okanye ngokucofa izandla.

Iseshoni ye-EMDR iqhubeka kwizigaba ezininzi. Iqala ngovavanyo lwengxaki kunye nokulungiswa kwesigulane. Emva koko ulungiso lwenyani lwenzeka, lulandelwa sisigaba sokuvala kunye novavanyo lwenkqubela.

Isiseko senzululwazi se-EMDR: lusebenza njani olu nyango?

I-EMDR isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba amava abuhlungu anokuthi “anamathele” kwingqondo, aqhubeke ebangela uxinzelelo ixesha elide emva kwesiganeko. Iintshukumo zamehlo ezikhawulezayo ezisetyenziswa ngexesha leseshoni ye-EMDR kukholelwa ukuba zivuselela ukusetyenzwa kwendalo kolwazi.

Olu vuselelo lutshintshanayo lwamacala amabini luya kuvula zombini iihemispheres zecerebral, ngaloo ndlela kuququzelela ukusetyenzwa kweenkumbulo ezibuhlungu. Oku kuya kuvumela ingqondo ukuba “ivule” ezi nkumbulo kwaye izidibanise ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Izifundo ze-Neuroimaging zibonise utshintsho kumsebenzi wengqondo ngaphambi nangemva kweseshoni ye-EMDR. Olu tshintsho luphawuleka ngokukodwa kwiindawo zobuchopho ezinxulumene nokusebenza ngokweemvakalelo kunye nenkumbulo.

Iziphazamiso eziphathwa yiseshoni ye-EMDR: ngaphaya kwe-PTSD

Ekuqaleni iphuhliswe ukunyanga i-post-traumatic disorder disorder (PTSD), i-EMDR ibonakaliswe ukuba iyasebenza kwiindidi zezinye izifo. Uphando lubonise ukusebenza kwalo ekunyangeni:

1. Ukuxhalaba
2. Ukudakumba
3. Ukuxhalaba
4. Ubukhoboka
5. Ukuphazamiseka kokutya
6. Iintlungu ezingapheliyo

I-EMDR inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingxaki ezingaphantsi kakhulu ezifana noxinzelelo olunxulumene nomsebenzi okanye ubunzima bobudlelwane. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo ke ngoko kudlulela ngaphaya kwentsimi yokwenzakala okukhulu.

Impembelelo ye-neurological yeseshoni ye-EMDR

I-Neuroscience inika ukukhanya okuthakazelisayo kwinto eyenzekayo kwingqondo ngexesha leseshoni ye-EMDR. Uphononongo olusebenzisa i-Functional imaging resonance imaging (fMRI) lubonakalise utshintsho olukhulu kwimisebenzi yengqondo.

Ngethuba leseshoni ye-EMDR, kukho ukuncipha komsebenzi kwi-amygdala, inxalenye yengqondo ejongene nempendulo “yokulwa okanye indiza”. Ngexesha elifanayo, kukho ukwanda komsebenzi kwi-cortex yangaphambili, indawo ehambelana nokuqiqa kunye nokulawulwa kweemvakalelo.

Olu tshintsho lwe-neurological luchaza ukuba kutheni izigulane zihlala zichaza ukuncitshiswa koxinzelelo lweemvakalelo ezinxulumene neenkumbulo ezibuhlungu emva kweseshoni ye-EMDR.

EMDR vs. nezinye iindlela zonyango: uthelekiso lweendlela

I-EMDR yahlulwe kwezinye iindlela zonyango ngendlela yayo eyodwa. Ngokungafaniyo nonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) olujolise ekutshintsheni iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha, i-EMDR ijolise ekubuyiseleni iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu kwinqanaba le-neurological.

I-Psychoanalysis, inxalenye yayo, iphonononga ixesha elidlulileyo lesigulane ngokunzulu kwixesha elide. I-EMDR, kwelinye icala, inokuvelisa iziphumo ngokukhawuleza, ngokufuthi kwiiseshoni nje ezimbalwa.

Nangona kunjalo, i-EMDR yabelana nalezi ezinye iindlela zonyango ukubaluleka kobudlelwane bonyango kunye nokuthembela phakathi kwesigulane kunye nonyango. Obu budlelwane bubalulekile kwimpumelelo yeseshoni ye-EMDR.

Iziphumo zexesha elide zeseshoni ye-EMDR

Iziphumo ze-EMDR azikhawulelwanga kwixesha leseshoni. Izigulane ezininzi zixela utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla emva kokufumana unyango lwe-EMDR.

Olu tshintsho lunokuquka:

• Ukunciphisa kakhulu iimpawu ze-PTSD
• Ukuphuculwa kwemo yesiqhelo
• Ulawulo olungcono loxinzelelo
• Ukonyuka kokuzithemba
• Uphuculo lobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu

Izifundo zokulandelela ixesha elide zibonise ukuba le miphumo emihle inokuqhubeka iinyanga okanye iminyaka emva kokuba unyango lwe-EMDR luphelile.

Imida kunye neengxabano ezijikeleze i-EMDR

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwayo okuqinisekisiweyo, i-EMDR ayikho ngaphandle kwempikiswano. Abanye abagxeki bayathandabuza ukubaluleka kokushukuma kwamehlo, becebisa ukuba ezinye iindlela zovuselelo lwamacala amabini zinokusebenza ngokufanayo.

Abanye babonisa ukuba i-EMDR ayinakufaneleka kuzo zonke izigulane. Abanye abantu banokuyifumana inkqubo inzima kakhulu okanye iyabhidisa. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba iseshoni ye-EMDR iqhutywe yingcali eqeqeshiweyo enokuthi ilungelelanise unyango kwiimfuno zomntu ngamnye zesigulane.

Ukongeza, nangona i-EMDR ibonwa njengonyango olusebenzayo lwe-PTSD yimibutho emininzi yezempilo, ukusebenza kwayo kwezinye iziphazamiso kusafundwa.

I-EMDR kumxholo obanzi wempilo yengqondo

Ukuvela kunye nokuthandwa okukhulayo kwe-EMDR kubonisa indlela ebanzi kwinkalo yempilo yengqondo. Kukho umdla okhulayo kwiindlela zonyango ezidibanisa ulwazi oluvela kwi-neuroscience kwaye zijolise ekunyangeni kungekuphela nje iimpawu, kodwa kunye nezizathu ezisisiseko zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

I-EMDR ikwayinxalenye yendlela yonyango ekujoliswe kuyo. Kwimeko apho ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo kudla ngokulinganiselwe, iindlela ezifana ne-EMDR, ezinokuvelisa iziphumo ngokukhawuleza, zibaluleke kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-EMDR ayikho i-bullet yesilivere. Iyinxalenye yendawo yonyango eyahlukeneyo, apho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zinokudityaniswa okanye zisetyenziswe ngokweemfuno ezithile zesigulane ngasinye.

Iimbekiselo zebhayibhilografi kwiseshoni ye-EMDR

Nazi izingqinisiso ezisixhenxe zebhayografi kumxholo weseshoni ye-EMDR:

1. Meignant, I., Zara-Jouillat, E., & Haour, F. (2014). Évaluation scientifique de la psychothérapie EMDR pour le traitement des traumatismes psychiques. European Psychiatry, 29(8), 657.
2. Dellucci, H., & Bouvier, G. (2024). Thérapie EMDR. EMC – Psychiatrie.
3. de Jongh, A., de Roos, C., & El-Leithy, S. (2024). État de la science : Thérapie de désensibilisation et de retraitement par le mouvement oculaire (EMDR). Trauma Stress.
4. Contamin, E. (2019). L’EMDR. Revue Hegel, 2019(1), 15-30.
5. Association EMDR France. La thérapie EMDR.
6. Institut Français d’EMDR. Évaluation scientifique de la psychothérapie EMDR pour le traitement des traumatismes psychiques.
7. Le Monde. (2024). Les nouvelles voies pour traiter les troubles de stress post-traumatique.

Ezi zikhombisi zibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuqhutywa kweeseshoni ze-EMDR, ukusebenza kwazo kunye nemigaqo ehambelana nayo.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, iseshoni ye-EMDR imele indlela entsha yonyango lwe-trauma kunye nezinye iziphazamiso zengqondo. Ukusebenza kwayo, okuxhaswe luphando oluninzi, kuyenza ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwizixhobo zanamhlanje zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, njengayo nayiphi na indlela yempilo yengqondo, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngobulumko kwaye ilungelelaniswe kumntu ngamnye. I-EMDR iyaqhubeka nokuguquka kwaye itsala umdla kubaphandi kunye noogqirha, ithembisa inkqubela phambili entsha ekuqondeni kwethu kunye nonyango lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.