Iseshini ye-EMDR: indlela yokwelapha emisha

I-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) iyindlela yokwelapha ekhula ngokuduma. Iseshini ye-EMDR isenhliziyweni yale ndlela, inikeza umbono omusha ekwelapheni ukuhlukumezeka nokukhathazeka. Lesi sihloko sihlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini iseshini ye-EMDR, ukuthi isebenza kanjani kanye nomthelela wayo empilweni yengqondo.

Iyini i-EMDR futhi iseshini yenzeka kanjani?

TheI-EMDR iwuhlobo lwe-psychotherapy olwakhiwa nguFrancine Shapiro ngeminyaka yawo-1980 Iseshini ye-EMDR evamile ihlala cishe imizuzu engama-60 ukuya kwengama-90. Phakathi neseshini, umelaphi uqondisa isiguli ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lokuzivocavoca okubandakanya ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo.

Isiguli sigxila enkumbulo ebuhlungu ngenkathi silandela umunwe womelaphi njengoba usuka kolunye uhlangothi lwensimu yakhe yokubona kuya kolunye. Lokhu kushintshana kwamazwe omabili kungenziwa futhi ngokushintshanisa imisindo noma ngokuthepha izandla.

Iseshini ye-EMDR yenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwenkinga nokulungiselela isiguli. Khona-ke ukucubungula kwangempela kwenzeka, kulandelwa isigaba sokuvala nokuhlolwa kwenqubekelaphambili.

Isisekelo sesayensi se-EMDR: lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kanjani?

I-EMDR isekelwe embonweni wokuthi okuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kungase “kunamathele” ebuchosheni, kuqhubeke kubangela ukucindezeleka isikhathi eside ngemva komcimbi. Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo okusetshenziswa phakathi neseshini ye-EMDR kukholakala ukuthi kukhuthaza ukucubungula kwemvelo kolwazi.

Lokhu kushintshana kwamazwe omabili kuzokwenza kusebenze womabili ama-cerebral hemispheres, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukucutshungulwa kwezinkumbulo ezibuhlungu. Lokhu kuzovumela ubuchopho ukuthi “buvule” lezi zinkumbulo futhi zizihlanganise ngendlela efaneleke kakhudlwana.

Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging lubonise izinguquko emsebenzini wobuchopho ngaphambi nangemva kweseshini ye-EMDR. Lezi zinguquko ziphawuleka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zobuchopho ezihlobene nokucubungula imizwelo nenkumbulo.

Ukuphazamiseka okuphathwe iseshini ye-EMDR: ngale kwe-PTSD

Eyakhelwe ekuqaleni ukwelapha isifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD), i-EMDR iboniswe ukuthi iyasebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izifo. Ucwaningo lubonise ukusebenza kahle kwalo ekwelapheni:

1. Ukukhathazeka
2. Ukucindezeleka
3. I-Phobias
4. Imilutha
5. Iziyaluyalu zokudla
6. Ubuhlungu obungapheli

I-EMDR ingase isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izinkinga ezincane kakhulu ezifana nokucindezeleka okuhlobene nomsebenzi noma ubunzima bobudlelwane. Ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo kudlulela ngale kwenkundla yokuhlukumezeka okukhulu.

Umthelela wezinzwa weseshini ye-EMDR

I-Neuroscience inikeza ukukhanya okuthakazelisayo kulokho okwenzeka ebuchosheni phakathi neseshini ye-EMDR. Ucwaningo olusebenzisa i-Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) luveze izinguquko ezibalulekile emsebenzini wobuchopho.

Phakathi neseshini ye-EMDR, kukhona ukuncipha komsebenzi ku-amygdala, ingxenye yobuchopho ebhekene nempendulo “yokulwa noma indiza”. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunomsebenzi owandayo ku-prefrontal cortex, indawo ehlotshaniswa nokucabanga nokulawulwa kwemizwelo.

Lezi zinguquko ze-neurological zichaza ukuthi kungani iziguli zivame ukubika ukuncishiswa kokuqina kwemizwelo okuhambisana nezinkumbulo ezibuhlungu ngemva kweseshini ye-EMDR.

I-EMDR iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha: ukuqhathanisa izindlela

I-EMDR ihlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha ngendlela yayo eyingqayizivele. Ngokungafani nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) okugxile ekushintsheni imicabango nokuziphatha, i-EMDR ihlose ukucubungula izinkumbulo ezibuhlungu ezingeni lemizwa.

I-Psychoanalysis, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlola okwedlule kwesiguli ngokujulile esikhathini eside. I-EMDR, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingaveza imiphumela ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokuvamile ngezikhathi ezimbalwa nje.

Nokho, i-EMDR yabelana nalezi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngokubaluleka kobudlelwane bokwelapha nokwethembana phakathi kwesiguli nomelaphi. Lobu budlelwano bubalulekile empumelelweni yeseshini ye-EMDR.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside yeseshini ye-EMDR

Imiphumela ye-EMDR ayikhawulelwe kubude besikhathi seseshini. Iziguli eziningi zibika izinguquko ezihlala njalo ekuphileni kwazo kwansuku zonke ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-EMDR.

Lezi zinguquko zingabandakanya:

• Ukwehliswa okuphawulekayo kwezimpawu ze-PTSD
• Ukuthuthuka kwesimo sengqondo esijwayelekile
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka okungcono
• Ukwanda kweukuzihlonipha
• Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu obuthuthukisiwe

Ucwaningo lokulandelela isikhathi eside lubonise ukuthi le miphumela emihle ingaqhubeka izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa kwe-EMDR.

Imikhawulo nezingxabano ezizungeze i-EMDR

Naphezu kokusebenza kwayo okuqinisekisiwe, i-EMDR ayinakho ukuphikisana. Abanye abagxeki bayakungabaza ukubaluleka kokunyakaza kwamehlo, bephakamisa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zokugqugquzela amazwe amabili zingase zisebenze ngendlela efanayo.

Abanye baveza ukuthi i-EMDR ingase ingazifanele zonke iziguli. Abanye abantu bangathola inqubo ishube kakhulu noma idida. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi iseshini ye-EMDR yenziwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ongalungisa ukwelashwa ngokwezidingo zesiguli ngasinye.

Ukwengeza, nakuba i-EMDR ibonwa njengokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-PTSD yizinhlangano eziningi zezempilo, ukusebenza kwayo kwezinye izifo kusacwaningwa.

I-EMDR kumongo obanzi wezempilo yengqondo

Ukuvela nokuthandwa okukhulayo kwe-EMDR kukhombisa inkambiso ebanzi emkhakheni wezempilo yengqondo. Kunesithakazelo esikhulayo ezindleleni zokwelapha ezihlanganisa ulwazi oluvela ku-neuroscience futhi ezihlose ukwelapha hhayi kuphela izimpawu, kodwa nezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

I-EMDR iphinde ibe yingxenye yendlela yokwelapha efingqiwe kanye neqondiswe kakhulu. Esimweni lapho ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwengqondo kuvame ukulinganiselwa, izindlela ezifana ne-EMDR, ezingaveza imiphumela ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa, zibaluleke kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-EMDR ayiyona inhlamvu yesiliva. Iyingxenye yendawo yokwelapha ehlukahlukene, lapho izindlela ezahlukene zingahlanganiswa noma zisetshenziswe ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zesiguli ngasinye.

Izinkomba ze-bibliographic kuseshini ye-EMDR

Nazi izikhombo zebhayibheli eziyisikhombisa endikimbeni yeseshini ye-EMDR:

1. Meignant, I., Zara-Jouillat, E., & Haour, F. (2014). Ukuhlolwa kwesayensi kwe-EMDR psychotherapy yokwelapha ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo. I-European Psychiatry, 29(8), 657.
2. Dellucci, H., & Bouvier, G. (2024). Ukwelashwa kwe-EMDR. EMC – Psychiatry.
3. de Jongh, A., de Roos, C., & El-Leithy, S. (2024). Isimo Sesayensi: I-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy. I-Trauma Stress.
4. I-Contamin, E. (2019). I-EMDR. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Hegel, 2019(1), 15-30.
5. I-EMDR France Association. Ukwelashwa kwe-EMDR.
6. Isikhungo saseFrance se-EMDR. Ukuhlolwa kwesayensi kwe-EMDR psychotherapy yokwelapha ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo.
7. Umhlaba. (2024). Izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha i-post-traumatic stress disorder.

Lezi zithenjwa zinikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokuziphatha kwamaseshini e-EMDR, ukusebenza kahle kwawo kanye nezinqubo ezilandelwayo ezihlobene.

Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, iseshini ye-EMDR imele indlela entsha yokwelapha ukuhlukumezeka nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukusebenza kwayo, okusekelwa ucwaningo oluningi, kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile kuzikhali zesimanje zokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma iyiphi indlela yezempilo yengqondo, kufanele isetshenziswe ngobuhlakani futhi ivumelane nomuntu ngamunye. I-EMDR iyaqhubeka nokushintsha futhi ihehe isithakazelo kubacwaningi nabelaphi, ithembisa intuthuko entsha ekuqondeni kwethu nasekwelashweni kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.