Imeko: indlela enamandla kubudlelwane babantu

I-Conditioning yinkqubo yengqondo edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni indlela yokuziphatha kunye neempendulo zeemvakalelo. Kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, le ndlela inokusetyenziswa ngendlela eyakhayo ukuqinisa indlela yokuziphatha enqwenelekayo, kodwa inokuba sisixhobo sokukhohlisa. Eli nqaku liphonononga imiba eyahlukeneyo yemeko kunye nokubonakaliswa kwayo kubudlelwane obuyityhefu.

Yintoni ukulungiswa kwengqondo?

Ukulungiswa kwengqondo yinkqubo yokufunda apho umntu edibanisa i-stimulus okanye imeko kunye nempendulo ethile. Lo matshini, ofundwe nzulu ngeengqondo zengqondo ezifana nePavlov kunye ne-Skinner, ichaza indlela esiphuhlisa ngayo ukuziphatha okuzenzekelayo okuzenzekelayo ekuphenduleni iimeko ezithile.

Kwimeko yobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, ukulungiswa kwemeko kunokwenzeka xa umntu omnye efunda ukuphendula ngendlela ethile kwindlela yokuziphatha komnye. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu usoloko efumana intsabelo engafanelekanga xa evakalisa uluvo lwakhe, ngokuthe ngcembe banokufunda ukuthula ukuze baphephe lo mphumo ungathandekiyo.

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa ubudlelwane

Ubume kubudlelwane kunokuthatha iindlela ezininzi:

1. Imeko yeklasi: Umntu udibanisa i-stimulus engathathi hlangothi kunye nempendulo yeemvakalelo. Umzekelo, ukudibanisa ukufika kweqabane kunye nemvakalelo yokuxhalaba.
2. Operant conditioning: Nonchalant ukuziphatha yomelezwa okanye yohlwaywa ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zayo. Ngokomzekelo, umntu unokufunda ukuyiphepha incoko ethile ukuze angamcaphukisi omnye umntu.
3. Imeko yentlalo: Ukufunda kwenzeka ngokuqwalasela kunye nokulinganisa indlela yokuziphatha yabanye.

Ukulungiswa njengesixhobo solawulo kubudlelwane obuyityhefu

Kubudlelwane obuyityhefu okanye obuxhaphazayo, ukulungisa imeko kunokuba yindlela enamandla yokulawula kunye nokukhohlisa. Umntu one-narcissistic okanye onetyhefu unokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokumisela iqabane lakhe ukuba liboyike kwaye lithobele iminqweno yabo.

Uloyiko njenge-conditioning lever

Uloyiko luhlala lusetyenziswa njenge-lever enamandla kwinkqubo yokumisela. Kubudlelwane toxic, umntu omnye unokufaka uloyiko kwenye ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Ukuphendula okugqithisileyo: Ngokusabela ngokungafanelekanga kwiimeko ezincinci, umntu onetyhefu udala imeko yokungakhuseleki.
• Izoyikiso ezicacileyo okanye ezicacileyo: Isoyikiso seziphumo ezibi sinokwenza ukuba omnye aphephe ukuziphatha okuthile.
• UIzohlwayo eziqikelelwayo: Ukungaqiniseki ngendlela asabela ngayo omnye umntu kunokubangela rhoqo anxiety.

Iziphumo zemeko embi

Isimo esibi kubudlelwane sinokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo yengqondo nengokweemvakalelo yomntu odibana nayo:

1. Ukuphelelwa ukuzithemba: Umntu onemeko ethile unokuphulukana nentembelo kwizigqibo zakhe nakwizimvo zakhe.
2. Inkxalabo engapheliyo: Ukoyika rhoqo ukusabela kwabanye abantu kunokukhokelela kwimeko esisigxina yonxunguphalo.
3. Ukwenza ikheswa ekuhlaleni: Ukuze aphephe ukungquzulana, umntu unokuzahlula kubahlobo nakusapho.
4. Ukudakumba: Ukuziva ungenakunceda xa ujongene nemeko kunokukhokelela ekudakaleni.

Iimpawu zemeko enetyhefu

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu zemeko eyityhefu kubudlelwane:

• Uloyiko lokuziveza: Umntu uyakuphepha ngokucwangcisiweyo ukuvakalisa izimvo okanye iimvakalelo zakhe.
• Ukuhamba kumaqokobhe amaqanda: Kukho imvakalelo eqhubekayo yokuba ulumke ngayo yonke into oyithethayo okanye oyenzayo.
• Ukulindela iimpendulo ezingalunganga: Umntu uhlala ecinga ngezona meko zimbi kakhulu.
• Izizathu ezigqithisileyo: Kukho imfuneko eqhubekayo yokuthethelela izenzo zomntu, nezona zingenamsebenzi.

Ikhonkco phakathi kokuziphatha kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokweemvakalelo

Imeko ihlala isentliziyweni yokuxhatshazwa ngokweemvakalelo. Umxhaphazi usebenzisa iindlela zokulungelelanisa ukugcina ulawulo kwixhoba lakhe. Oku kunokubandakanya:

1. Ingqondo yokukhanya kweGaslight: Yenza ixhoba lithandabuze imbono yalo yobunyani.
2. Emotional manipulation: Ukusebenzisa iimvakalelo zexhoba ngokuchasene nabo.
3. Imijikelo yesohlwayo kunye nomvuzo:Ukutshintshana phakathi kokuziphatha okubi kunye nokulunga ukudala ukuxhomekeka ngokweemvakalelo.

Impembelelo yokumisela imeko kutshintsho lwentsapho

Imeko ayiphelelanga kubudlelwane bothando. Inokuphinda idlale indima ebalulekileyo kutshintsho kusapho:

• Ubudlelwane bomzali nomntwana: Abazali banokwenza abantwana babo baziphathe ngendlela ethile bengazi.
• Siblings: Abantakwenu banokuvelisa iipatheni ezinemeko yokuziphatha phakathi kwabo.
• Usasazo lwezizukulwana: Iipateni zokumisela zinokugqithiswa ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye.

Ukumiselwa kwimeko yentlalo nenkcubeko

Ulungelelwaniso ludlulela ngaphaya kobudlelwane bomntu ngamnye kwaye kunokubonwa kwiimeko ezibanzi zentlalo nezenkcubeko:

1. Izithethe zoluntu: Uluntu lumisela amalungu alo ukuba abambelele kwimigaqo ethile yokuziphatha.
2. Qiniso ngokwesini: Ulindelo lwesini luhlala lusisiphumo semeko yentlalo.
3. Izibhengezo kunye neendaba: Amajelo eendaba asebenzisa iindlela zokubeka imeko ukuphembelela ukuziphatha kwabathengi.

Iinkqubo ze-Neurobiological zokulungisa imeko

I-Conditioning ineziseko ze-neurobiological ezichaza amandla ayo kunye nokuzingisa:

• Iplastiki yobuchopho: Ingqondo iyatshintsha ekuphenduleni amava aphindaphindiweyo.
• I-Izijikelezo zoMvuzo: I-Conditioning yenza kusebenze iinkqubo zomvuzo wengqondo, ukuqinisa ukuziphatha okuthile.
• Amygdala kunye noloyiko: I-amygdala idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimeko yoloyiko.

I-Bibliographic reference ekupakisheni

Nazi iireferensi ezisixhenxe zebhayibhilografi malunga nomba wokupakishwa:

1. Pavlov, I. P. (1927). La Réflexe Conditionné. Paris : Éditions Félix Alcan.
2. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science et Comportement Humain. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
3. Bouton, M. E. (2007). Apprentissage et Comportement : Une Perspective Intégrative. Bruxelles : De Boeck Supérieur.
4. Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). “Une théorie du conditionnement pavlovien : variations dans l’efficacité du renforcement et du non-renforcement”. Psychological Review, 79(2), 123-140.
5. Domjan, M. (2010). Principes de l’Apprentissage et du Comportement. Paris : Pearson Education.
6. Garcia, J., & Koelling, R. A. (1966). “Relations d’apprentissage : aversion gustative au saccharine induite par la radiation chez le rat”. Science, 153(3732), 1140-1142.
7. Bandura, A. (1977). Apprentissage Social : Théorie. Paris : Éditions Mardaga.

Ezi zingqinisiso zibonelela ngembono enzulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokubeka imeko kwicandelo lezengqondo.

Isiphelo: Qonda ukuzikhusela ngcono

I-conditioning yindlela enamandla yengqondo enokuthi imise ukuziphatha kwethu kunye nobudlelwane ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo. Kubudlelwane obuyityhefu, inokuba sisixhobo sokulawula kunye nokukhohlisa, okukhokelela kwiziphumo ezinobungozi kwimpilo yengqondo kunye neemvakalelo zabantu. Ukuqonda le nkqubo linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqondeni ii-dynamics ezingafanelekanga kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kuzo. Ngokuqaphela imiqondiso kunye neendlela zokulungisa ityhefu, kunokwenzeka ukuphula ezi patheni kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane obunempilo kunye nokulinganisela.