Ukuqonda indlela yeemvakalelo zovelwano: Inkcazo

Inkcazo yovelwano isembindini wobudlelwane babantu. Imele ukukwazi kwethu ukuqonda nokuziva iimvakalelo zabanye. Obu buchule beemvakalelo budlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwethu. Ichaphazela intsebenziswano yethu yemihla ngemihla kunye nophuhliso lwethu lobuqu. Kodwa ngaphaya kwale nkcazo elula, uvelwano luyinto enzima efanelwe uhlalutyo olunzulu.

Inkcazo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zovelwano

Uvelwano luzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngamnye unegalelo ngokwahlukileyo ekuqondeni kwethu abanye:

Uvelwano lwe-Emotional ikuvumela ukuba uve ukuba abanye baziva njani. Izibonakalisa ngokuthi:

• I-resonance ngokukhawuleza kunye neemvakalelo zabanye
• Isakhono sokuchukunyiswa luvuyo okanye usizi lwabanye
• Uvakalelo kutshintsho lwemo efihlakeleyo
• Uqhagamshelo lweemvakalelo olunzulu nolukhawulezayo

cognitive Uvelwano lusinceda siqonde imbono yabanye. Ibandakanya:

• Ukukwazi ukuzibeka ngokwengqondo kwindawo yomnye
• Ukuqonda okunengqiqo kweemeko ezinamava
• Uhlalutyo lweemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neembono
• Ukutolika iindlela zokuziphatha kunye neempendulo

I-Imfesane yokuziphatha iguqulela kwizenzo eziphathekayo. Ibandakanya:

• Izijekulo zenkxaso kunye noncedo
• Ukulungelelanisa indlela esiziphatha ngayo ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zabanye
• Ukufuna izisombululo ngokukhutheleyo ukunceda
• Ukubandakanyeka kwizenzo zokukhathalela.

Inkcazo yovelwano kwimeko yokuphazamiseka kobuntu

Ukuphazamiseka kobuntu kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla ovelwano kwaye kunokukhokelela ku- uvelwano olugqithisileyo. I-Narcissism ngokukodwa ibonisa izinto ezithile:

Iziganeko zangaphandle:

• Ukubonakalisa imfesane esidlangalaleni
• Izijekulo ezibaliweyo zesisa
• Ukufuna ukunconywa ekuhlaleni
• Ukunyangwa ngokweemvakalelo okuphucukileyo

Amandla obudlelwane:

• Ukutshintshana phakathi kwengqwalasela egqithisileyo kunye nokungahoywa
• Ukusebenzisa izenzo zovelwano njengendlela yokulawula
• Ukungangqinelani phakathi kwamagama nezenzo
• Ukunqongophala kobunzulu bokwenyani beemvakalelo

Uvelwano oluyinyani vs. uvelwano olusebenzayo

Uvelwano lokwenyani luphawulwa ngokungaguquguquki nokunyaniseka. Akuxhomekekanga kubaphulaphuli okanye kukwamkelwa kwangaphandle. Olu hlobo lovelwano luzibonakalisa:

Kubucala nakuluntu:

• Ukuhambelana kokuziphatha nokuba imeko ithini
• Ukunqongophala kokukhangela ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphandle
• Authenticity ukusabela ngokweemvakalelo
• Ukuzinza kwezenzo zovelwano

Ngaphandle kokulinda umvuzo:

• Inkuthazo yangaphakathi yokunceda
• Ukunqongophala kokubalwa kweenzuzo zomntu
• Ukuzincama kuncedo olunikiweyo
• Nikela ingqalelo kwimpilo-ntle yabanye

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uvelwano olusebenzayo lumelela uhlobo oluphezulu lwenkathalo. Ibonakaliswa ngu:

• Izenzo ezibalelwe kwimbonakalo yoluntu
• Ukukhangela rhoqo ukuqatshelwa
• Ukuziphatha okungahambelaniyo kuxhomekeke kumxholo
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezangotshe zovelwano ngobuqhetseba

Amalungu e-neurological of uvelwano

Ingqondo yethu ineendlela ezithile ezinxulumene novelwano. I-Mirror neurons idlala indima ephambili. Zisebenza xa siqwalasela iimvakalelo zabanye. Esi siseko se-neurological sichaza:

Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo:

• Ukuvula ngoko nangoko xa ujongene neemvakalelo zabanye
• Ukuvakala ngokwendalo ngokweemvakalelo
• Ungqamaniso lweemvakalelo olungekho zingqondweni
• Ukulinganisa kobuso okuzenzekelayo

Iindlela zokufunda:

• Ukuphuhliswa kancinci kancinci kwezakhono zovelwano
• Ukuqiniswa ngamava entlalontle
• Iplastiki yobuchopho ekufumaneni uvelwano
• Impembelelo yonxibelelwano lwakwangoko

Impembelelo yokungabikho kovelwano kubudlelwane

Ukungabi naluvelwano kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Iimpembelelo zizibonakalisa kumanqanaba amaninzi:

Emotionally:

• Uxinzelelo lwengqondo phakathi kwabo bachaphazelekayo
• Imvakalelo yokungaqondi okunzulu
• Amanxeba ahlala ehleli ngokweemvakalelo
• Ukuphulukana nokuzithemba

on inqanaba lobudlelwane:

• Ukuqhawuka kwamaqhina ngokweemvakalelo
• Iingxabano ezihlala zihleli ezingasonjululwanga
• Ukwahluka okuqhubelekayo ekuhlaleni
• Ubunzima bokugcina ubudlelwane obuzinzileyo

on inqanaba lokuziphatha:

• Iipateni zobudlelwane obungasebenziyo
• Iindlela zokukhusela ezigqithisileyo
• Imijikelo yoBudlelwane obuyityhefu
• Ukuveliswa kweepateni ezimbi.

Iindlela zovelwano kwingqondo

I-Neuroscience ichonge imimandla emininzi yobuchopho ebandakanyeka kuvelwano:

Imimandla yobuchopho esebenzayo:

• I-cortex yangaphambili yohlalutyo lwengqondo
• Inkqubo ye-Limbic ye-resonance yeemvakalelo
• I-Insula yokuhlanganiswa kweemvakalelo
• I-Amygdala yokuqatshelwa kweemvakalelo

Ienkqubo zeNeurological:

• Ukuqaliswa kweesekethe zomvuzo
• Ukucubungula ulwazi lweemvakalelo
• Ungqamaniso lweemeko zeemvakalelo
• Ukulawulwa kweempendulo zovelwano.

I-Bibliographic reference ukuqonda uvelwano

Nazi iireferensi ezisixhenxe zebhayibhilografi kumxholo wovelwano:

1. Decety, J. & Jackson, P. L. (2004). Empathy: Conceptual and neural foundations. In “Neurosciences et psychologie : approches neurocognitives de l’empathie”, pp. 115-136. Éditions In Press.
2. Lamm, C., Batson, C. D., & Decety, J. (2007). The neural substrate of human empathy: effects of perspective-taking on neural responses to others’ pain. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(4), 350-358.
3. Rimé, B. (2005). L’empathie : fondements, manifestations et perspectives. In “Les émotions sociales”, pp. 93-113. Éditions De Boeck Supérieur.
4. Goleman, D. (2002). L’intelligence émotionnelle : comment transformer ses émotions en intelligence. Éditions Robert Laffont.
5. Batson, C. D. (1991). The altruism question: Toward a social-psychological answer. In “La question de l’altruisme”, pp. 23-42. Éditions PUF.
6. Sander, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2009). La théorie des émotions et l’empathie : de la cognition à l’émotion. In “Les émotions : une perspective interdisciplinaire”, pp. 245-261. Éditions Presses Universitaires de France.
7. Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Éditions Cambridge University Press. (Traduction disponible sous le titre “L’empathie et le développement moral” chez plusieurs éditeurs francophones.)

Ezi zingqinisiso zibandakanya imiba eyahlukeneyo yovelwano, ukusuka kwiziseko zethiyori ukuya kwizicelo ezibonakalayo kwiimeko zentlalo nezengqondo.

Ukuqukumbela

Uvelwano lumele inkqubo entsonkothileyo nenamacala amaninzi ephembelela ngokunzulu ubudlelwane bethu noluntu lwethu. Idibanisa imiba ye-neurological, psychological, social and culture. Ukwahlula phakathi kovelwano oluyinyani kunye nolwenziwayo kunceda ukuchonga ubudlelwane obunempilo kunye nokuqaphela amandla anetyhefu. Ukuqonda ezi nuances kusivumela ukuba sikuqonde ngcono ukubaluleka kovelwano kuphuhliso lobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye noluntu oluvumelanayo. Esi sikhundla sisisiseko siyaqhubeka sisisifundo esinomdla sokufunda kubaphandi kwaye sihlala sibalulekile kwindalo yethu edibeneyo yentlalo.