Ingcaciso ye-altruism: Phakathi kwedini kunye nesisa

I-Altruism, ingcamango esisiseko kwisifundo sokuziphatha komntu, iphakamisa imibuzo emininzi malunga nobunzulu bethu. Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo inkcazo yealtruism, kufuneka sihlolisise iinkalo ezininzi, imvelaphi yayo kunye nefuthe layo kuluntu lwethu lwanamhlanje.

Inkcazo kunye nesiseko se-altruism

I-altruism ichazwa njengokuziphatha okukhuthaza umntu ukuba enze ngokungazingci ngenxa yempilo-ntle yabanye. Oku kukulungela ukukhathalela abanye nokubanceda ngaphandle kokulindela ukuba babuyiselwe nantoni na kuyinkalo ebangel’ umdla kwindalo yomntu. Izibonakalisa kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusuka kwizinto ezincinci zemihla ngemihla ukuya kwimibingelelo emikhulu.

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzinikela

I-altruism ayibonakali ngendlela enye. Inokuthatha iindlela ezininzi, nganye ineentshukumisa zayo kunye neziphumo:

• Ukuzinikela okunyulu :isenzo sokungazingci, apho umntu esebenzela kuphela okulungileyo kwabanye, ngaphandle kokulindela imbuyekezo.
• I-I-altruism ye-Reciprocal: I- ibandakanya uhlobo lokuphindaphinda, apho uncedo lutshintshiselwana phakathi kwabantu, ukuqinisa ubudlelwane boluntu.
• Emotional altruism: eqhutywa luvelwano, apho iimvakalelo zomntu zibakhuthaza ukuba bancede umntu osweleyo.
• I-altruism engokwengqiqo: isekelwe kwiimpawu zokuziphatha, apho abantu benza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwimigaqo yokuziphatha okanye imilinganiselo yentlalo.
• I-altruism egqithisileyo

Iingcambu zebhayoloji kunye nendaleko

Ukusuka kwimbono yendaleko, i-altruism ineengcambu zayo kwimbali yethu yebhayoloji. Abaphandi bachonge izinto ezininzi ezinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwayo:

• Ukukhetha umhlobo
• Ukusinda kweqela
• Ukuziqhelanisa nentlalontle
• Iinzuzo zokuzala ezingathanga ngqo.

Impembelelo yengqondo ye-altruism

Ukwenza izinto ngokungenalusini kuchaphazela impilo-ntle yethu ngokwasengqondweni. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuziphatha kakubi kunokuphucula:

• Our impilo-ntle ngokweemvakalelo, ibonelela ngemvakalelo yokwaneliseka kunye nolonwabo.
• QOur ukuzijonga kwethu, ngokomeleza ukuzithemba kwethu kunye nomfanekiso wethu.
• Our ubudlelwane bezentlalo, ukukhuthaza unxibelelwano olunzulu nolunentsingiselo ngakumbi.
• I-Our imvakalelo yokuba ungowabantu, ngokwenza ikhonkco noluntu lwethu kunye nokusidibanisa kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo.

I-paradox ye-altruism egqithisileyo

Umba ongaziwayo wealtruism uphathelene neziphumo ezibi ezinokubakho. I-altruism egqithisileyo inokukhokelela:

• Ukudinwa ngokweemvakalelo
• Ukutyeshela iimfuno zomntu
• Ukuba sesichengeni sokuxhatshazwa
• Ubudlelwane obungalungelelananga

I-Altruism kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zentlalo

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-altruism kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo:

• Entsatsheni
• Kwimeko yobungcali
• Kwiimeko zonxunguphalo
• Kwiintshukumo zoluntu

Iinkqubo ze-neurological of altruism

I-Neuroscience inika ukuqonda okunomdla kwi-altruism. Uphononongo lubonisa:

• Ukwenziwa kweendawo ezithile zobuchopho xa sisebenza ngokuzinikela.
• Indima ebalulekileyo ye-neurotransmitters kulawulo lweemvakalelo zethu kunye nokuziphatha okungathandekiyo.
• Impembelelo ye-hormones efana ne-oxytocin, ehlala ibizwa ngokuba yi “hormone yothando”, ekhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle kwentlalo.
• patterns zokuvula ingqondo zityhilwe ngexesha lezenzo zokuzinikela, icebisa ukuba ubuchopho bethu bufakwe iingcingo ukunceda.

Umyinge wenkcubeko wokuzinikela

I-Altruism ibonakaliswa ngokwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcubeko:

• Ukwahluka kwimilinganiselo yoluntu
• Impembelelo yeenkolelo zonqulo
• Impembelelo yeenkqubo zexabiso
• Umahluko phakathi koluntu oluzimeleyo kunye noluntu oluqokelelweyo

Izinto ezichaphazela i-altruism

Izinto ezininzi zinokumodareyitha indlela yokuziphatha engafanelekanga:

• Imfundo ifunyenwe
• Amava obomi
• Umxholo wentlalo noqoqosho
• Iimodeli zentlalo

Ikhonkco phakathi kwe-altruism kunye nokuba sesichengeni

I-altruism ngamanye amaxesha inokudala iimeko zokuba sesichengeni:

• Umngcipheko wokusebenza
• Emotional manipulation
• Ukungalingani kubudlelwane
• Ukuchithwa kwezinto zobuqu

I-Altruism kwihlabathi lanamhlanje

Kuluntu lwethu lwangoku, i-altruism ithatha iindlela ezintsha:

• Ukuvolontiya kwedijithali
• Iminikelo ye-Intanethi
• Ukuhlanganisa uluntu ngothungelwano
• Amanyathelo entsebenziswano

Iimbekiselo zeBibliographic

Nazi iireferensi ezisixhenxe zebhayibhiliyografi kumxholo wealtruism:

1. Kropotkine, P. (1902). L’entraide : Un facteur de l’évolution. Éditions Sociales.
2. Bourguignon, F. (2010). La dynamique de l’altruisme : Approches économique et sociale. Revue de l’OFCE, 113, 165-194.
3. Friedman, R. (2007). Psychologie de l’altruisme : De l’égoïsme à l’empathie. Psychologie et Humanisme.
4. Cameron, C. D., & Payne, B. K. (2011). Empathy is not always altruistic: The role of self-interest in empathy-induced helping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(8), 1095-1109.
5. Duflo, E., & Banerjee, A. V. (2011). Poor Economics : A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. Le Seuil.
6. Zaki, J., & Ochsner, K. (2012). The neuroscience of prosocial emotions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(2), 227-236.
7. Haidt, J. (2013). La force de la morale : Ce qui nous rend humain. Les Arènes.

Ezi zingqinisiso zibandakanya imiba eyahlukeneyo yealtruism, ukusuka kwiziseko zethiyori ukuya kwiimpembelelo ezisebenzayo nezengqondo.

Ukuqukumbela

Uphononongo lwe-altruism lutyhila kuthi ukuntsonkotha kobudlelwane babantu kunye neentshukumisa ezikhokela izenzo zethu. Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengomgangatho olungileyo, i-altruism inee-nuances ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqonde. Ukubonakaliswa kwayo kuluntu lwethu lwangoku kuyaqhubeka nokuvela, kubonisa utshintsho kwiipatheni zethu zokusebenzisana kunye nemilinganiselo yethu edibeneyo.

Olu phononongo lwe-altruism lusibonisa ukuba ayisiyonto nje yobuntu, kodwa yinto entsonkothileyo enempembelelo enkulu kwindlela esiphila ngayo kuluntu. Ukuqonda kwayo kusinceda siqonde ngcono ubume bomntu kunye neentshukumo zentlalo ezibumba ihlabathi lethu.