Incazelo ye-altruism: Phakathi komhlatshelo nomusa

I-Altruism, umqondo oyisisekelo esifundweni sokuziphatha komuntu, iphakamisa imibuzo eminingi mayelana nemvelo yethu ejulile. Ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele incazelo ye-altruism, kufanele sihlole izici zayo eziningi, umsuka wayo kanye nemithelela yako emphakathini wethu wanamuhla.

Incazelo kanye nesisekelo se-altruism

I-Altruism ichazwa njengokuziphatha okukhuthaza umuntu ukuthi enze ngokuzinikela ukuze aphilele abanye abantu. Lokhu kuzimisela ukukhathalela abanye nokubasiza ngaphandle kokulindela ukubuyisela kuyisici esithakazelisayo sobuntu. Izibonakalisa ezimweni eziningi, kusukela ekuthinteni okuncane kwansuku zonke kuya ekuzinikeleni okukhulu.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-altruism

I-altruism ayizivezi ngendlela eyodwa nje. Kungathatha izinhlobo ezimbalwa, ngayinye inezisusa zayo nemiphumela:

• I-altruism emsulwa : isenzo sokuzidela, lapho umuntu enza izinto ezizuzisa abanye kuphela, ngaphandle kokulindela imbuyiselo.
• I-Reciprocal Altruism:  kusho uhlobo lokubuyisana, lapho usizo lushintshwa phakathi kwabantu ngabanye, ukuqinisa izibopho zomphakathi.
• I-altruism yemizwa: eqhutshwa uzwela, lapho imizwa yomuntu imshukumisela ukuba asize othile oswele.
• I-Rational altruism:  isekelwe ekuzibonakaliseni kokuziphatha, lapho abantu benza izinqumo ezisekelwe ezimisweni zokuziphatha noma izindinganiso zomphakathi.
• Theukuzidela ngokweqile

Izimpande zebhayoloji nezokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-altruism inezimpande zayo emlandweni wethu wezinto eziphilayo. Abacwaningi bathole izici eziningana ezinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwayo:

• Ukukhetha isihlobo
• Ukusinda kweqembu
• Ukuzijwayeza komphakathi
• Izinzuzo zokuzala ezingaqondile.

Umthelela wengqondo we-altruism

Ukwenza ngokungenalusizo kunomthelela enhlalakahleni yethu engokwengqondo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha okungenangqondo kungathuthuka:

• Inhlalakahle yethu engokomzwelo, enikeza umuzwa wokwaneliseka nenjabulo.
• Umbono wethu ngathi, ngokuqinisa ukuzethemba kwethu nesithombe sethu.
• Ubudlelwano bethu bezenhlalo, ikhuthaza ukuxhumana okujulile nokunenjongo.
• Umuzwa wethu wokuba ngabangane, ngokwakha isixhumanisi nomphakathi wethu futhi sizihlanganise nezinkundla zokuxhumana.

Indida ye-altruism eyeqile

Isici esingadumile kangako sokukhathalela abanye siphathelene nemiphumela emibi engaba khona.ukuzidela ngokweqile kungaholela ku:

• Ukukhathala ngokomzwelo
• Ukunganakwa kwezidingo zomuntu
• Ukuba sengozini yokuhlukunyezwa
• Ubudlelwano obungalingani

I-Altruism ezimweni ezehlukene zomphakathi

Inkulumo ye-altruism iyahlukahluka kuye komongo:

• In the umndeni
• Endaweni yobungcweti
• Ezimweni eziphuthumayo
• Emihlanganweni yezenhlalo

Izindlela ze-neurological of altruism

I-Neuroscience inikeza ukuqonda okuthakazelisayo mayelana ne-altruism. Ucwaningo lubonisa:

• Theukusebenza kwezindawo ezithile zobuchopho lapho senza ngokunganaki.
• Iqhaza elibalulekile le ama-neurotransmitters ekulawulweni kwemizwelo yethu kanye nokuziphatha kwethu kokuzinikela.
• Umthelela we amahomoni njenge-oxytocin, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ihomoni yothando,” ekhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle komphakathi.
• Les amaphethini okusebenza kobuchopho kwembulwa ngesikhathi sezenzo zokuzinikela, okuphakamisa ukuthi ubuchopho bethu buxhunywe izintambo ukusiza.

Isici samasiko sokuzidela

I-Altruism ivezwa ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngamasiko:

• Ukwehluka kwezinkambiso zomphakathi
• Ithonya lezinkolelo zenkolo
• Umthelela wezinhlelo zamanani
• Umehluko phakathi kwemiphakathi yabantu ngabanye kanye namaqoqo

Izici ezithonya i-altruism

Izinto ezimbalwa zingashintsha ukuziphatha okungafanele:

• Imfundo yamukelwe
• Okuhlangenwe nakho kwempilo
• Umongo wenhlalo-mnotho
• Amamodeli omphakathi

Isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-altruism nokuba sengozini

I-altruism kwesinye isikhathi ingadala izimo zokuba sengozini:

• Ingozi yokusebenza
• Ukuxhaphaza imizwelo
• Ukungalingani ebudlelwaneni
• Ukuqedwa kwezinsiza zomuntu siqu

I-Altruism emhlabeni wanamuhla

Emphakathini wethu wamanje, i-altruism ithatha izindlela ezintsha:

• Ukuvolontiya kwedijithali
• Iminikelo eku-inthanethi
• Ukuhlanganisa umphakathi ngamanethiwekhi
• Imizamo yokusebenzisana

Izikhombo ze-Bibliographic

Nazi izikhombo eziyisikhombisa zebhayibheli ngendikimba ye-altruism:

1. Kropotkin, P. (1902). I-mutual aid: Isici ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. I-Social Editions.
2. Bourguignon, F. (2010). I-dynamics of altruism: Izindlela zomnotho nezenhlalo. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-OFE, 113, 165-194.
3. UFriedman, R. (2007). I-Psychology of altruism: Ukusuka ebugovu kuya ekuhawukeleni. Psychology kanye Humanism.
4. Cameron, CD, & Payne, BK (2011). Uzwela aluhlali lungenangqondo: Indima yokuzicabangela wena ekusizeni okubangelwa uzwela. Ubuntu ne-Social Psychology Bulletin, 37 (8), 1095-1109.
5. Duflo, E., & Banerjee, A.V. (2011). I-Economics Empofu: Ukucabangisisa Kabusha Kwendlela Yokulwa Nobumpofu Bomhlaba Wonke. I-Threshold.
6. U-Zaki, J., no-Ochsner, K. (2012). I-neuroscience yemizwa ye-prosocial. Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo Neuroscience, 13 (2), 227-236.
7. Hhayi, J. (2013). Amandla okuziphatha: Yini eyenza sibe abantu. Izinkundla.

Lezi zithenjwa zihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene zokuzidela, kusukela ezisekelweni zetiyori kuya emithelela esebenzayo nengokwengqondo.

Isiphetho

Ucwaningo lwe-altruism lwembula kithi inkimbinkimbi yobudlelwano babantu kanye nezisusa eziqondisa izenzo zethu. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengekhwalithi enhle, i-altruism inama-nuances abalulekile okufanele uwaqonde. Ukubonakaliswa kwayo emphakathini wethu wesimanje kuyaqhubeka nokuvela, kubonisa izinguquko emaphethini ethu okusebenzelana kanye namagugu ethu esiqoqo.

Lokhu kuhlola kwe-altruism kusikhombisa ukuthi akusona nje isici somlingiswa, kodwa isenzakalo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithinta kakhulu indlela esiphila ngayo emphakathini. Ukuqonda kwayo kusisiza ukuthi siqonde kangcono imvelo yomuntu kanye nokuguquguquka komphakathi okulolonga umhlaba wethu.