I-Machiavellianism: umntu okhohlisayo kunye nokuziphatha kakubi

Ukuziphatha kweMachiavellian luphawu lobuntu oluphawulwa ngokukhohlisa, ukugxeka, kunye nendlela yokuziphatha yokuziphatha. Aba bantu bakulungele ukwenza nantoni na ukuze bafezekise iinjongo zabo, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngemiphumo kwabanye. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobuntu, imvelaphi yabo, ukubonakaliswa kwayo kunye neempembelelo zabo kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye noluntu.

Imvelaphi kunye nenkcazo yeMachiavellianism

Igama elithi “Machiavellianism” livela kwimibhalo kaNicolas Machiavelli, ngokukodwa umsebenzi wakhe othi “Inkosana” epapashwe ngo-1532. Kule ngqungquthela yezopolitiko, uMachiavelli uchaza izicwangciso zokulawula ezisekelwe kubuqhetseba, ukukhwabanisa kunye ngamanye amaxesha inkohlakalo. Uchaza ngokukodwa ukuba kungcono ukoyikwa kunokuthandwa yinkokeli.

Kwi-psychology yanamhlanje, kuthathwa njengophawu lobuntu. Yacingwa ngeminyaka yee-1970 ngabaphandi uRichard Christie noFlorence Geis. Baphuhlise isikali ukulinganisa le mpawu, ebizwa ngokuba yi “MACH-IV.”

Abantu base Machiavellian babonakaliswe ngolu hlobo:

• Imbono egxekayo ngendalo yomntu
• Utyekelo lokukhohlisa abanye ukuze bafezekise iinjongo zabo
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokweemvakalelo kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu
• Ugxininiso kwiminqweno yabo yobuqu ngeendleko zokuziphatha.

Iimpawu eziphambili zokuziphatha kweMachiavellian

Le ndlela yokuziphatha izibonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi zokuziphatha kunye nezimo zengqondo:

• Manipulation Strategic: AmaMachiavellian agqwesile kubugcisa bokukhohlisa abanye. Bayicwangcisa ngenyameko into abayenzayo ukuze bafumane oko bakufunayo, ngokufuthi ngokudlala ngobuthathaka babanye.
• Moral pragmatism: Banendlela eguquguqukayo yokuziphatha, ukulungelelanisa imigaqo yabo yokuziphatha ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ukuze bakhonze iimfuno zabo.
• Umbono wexesha elide: Ngokungafani nee-psychopaths ezinokuthi zibe yinto engxamisekileyo, i-Machiavellians iyakwazi ukucwangcisa ixesha elide ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo.
• Umtsalane oPhezulu: Zinokuba nomtsalane kwaye zibe nomtsalane ukufumana ukuthenjwa ngabanye, kodwa obu budlelwane buhlala bungaphaya.
• Iqela leemotional: Bagcina umgama weemvakalelo kubudlelwane babo, okubavumela ukuba benze izigqibo ezibandayo, ezibaliweyo.
• Cynicism: Bathanda ukubona izinto ezimbi kakhulu kwabanye kwaye bathathele ingqalelo ukuba wonke umntu wenza ngenxa yokuzingca.

Machiavellianism njengenxalenye yetriad emnyama

I-Machiavellianism yinxalenye yento iingcali zengqondo zithi “i-triad emnyama” yobuntu, kunye ne-narcissism kunye ne-psychopathy. Ezi mpawu zintathu zabelana ngeempawu ezifanayo:

• Ukungabi naluvelwano
• Utyekelo lokuxhaphaza abanye
• Ukuziva wongamile

Nangona kunjalo, ibonakala kwiinkalo ezithile:

• I-Machiavellians ayinakunyanzeliswa kancinci kune-psychopaths
• Abakunqweneli ukuhoywa nokunconywa njengabo bathanda iinarcisists
• Ukukwazi kwabo ukucwangcisa ixesha elide kubenza babe yingozi ngakumbi

Iimbangela kunye nophuhliso lokuziphatha kweMachiavellian

Imvelaphi yale ndlela yokuziphatha inzima kwaye i-multifactorial. Ziliqela izinto ezinokuba negalelo ekuphuhliseni olu phawu lobuntu:

1. Imiba yeGenetic: Izifundo zamawele zicebisa icandelo lelifa kwiMachiavellianism.
2. I-Imeko yosapho: Indawo yokuhlala ebandayo, ekhohlisayo okanye exhaphazayo inokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwemikhwa ye-Machiavellian.
3. Amava obomi: Amava aphindaphindiweyo angalunganga angakhokelela kumbono ogxekayo wehlabathi kunye nokwamkelwa kwamaqhinga obuqili njengendlela yokukhusela.
4. Isifundo soluntu: Ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokuxelisa imizekelo ye-Machiavellian (abazali, abacebisi, amanani eendaba) kunokomeleza olu kuziphatha.
5. Culture: Iindawo ezithile zenkcubeko okanye zobuchwephesha ezixabisa ukhuphiswano kunye nempumelelo kuzo zonke iindleko zinokukhuthaza ukuthambekela kweMachiavellian.

Machiavellianism kunye nobunkokeli

IMachiavellianism ihlala idityaniswa nobunkokeli, ngakumbi kwezopolitiko kunye neshishini. Iinkokeli zikaMachiavellian zinoku:

• Baphumelele kakhulu ekuphumezeni iinjongo zabo
• Excel ekuxoxweni nasekusonjululweni kweengxabano
• Yenza izigqibo ezinzima ngaphandle kokubanjwa ziimvakalelo

Nangona kunjalo, ubunkokeli babo bunemiba engalunganga:

• Ukudala indawo yokusebenza enetyhefu
• Ukwenza izigqibo ezithandabuzekayo ngokuziphatha
• Ukuphulukana nokuthenjwa kwabangaphantsi kwixesha elide

Impembelelo kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu

Abantu base Machiavellian badla ngokuba neengxaki zobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu:

1. Ubudlelwane bothando: Basenokuba nobunzima bokwenza amaqhina anzulu, ahlala ehleli ngokweemvakalelo. Ubudlelwane babo buhlala buphawulwa kulawulo kunye nokukhohlisa.
2. Friendships: AbakwaMachiavellian badla ngokujonga ubuhlobo njengezixhobo zokufikelela usukelo lwabo kunokuba bajonge amaqhina okwenene ngokweemvakalelo.
3. Ubudlelwane bobuchwephesha: Bahlala begqwesa kwiimeko ezikhuphisanayo kodwa banokudala ukungavisisani kunye neengxabano phakathi kwamaqela.

Iziphumo zoluntu zeMachiavellianism

I-Machiavellianism, ngakumbi xa ikhona kubantu abakwizikhundla zolawulo, ingaba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo kuluntu:

• Erosion of trust: Ukuziphatha ka Machiavellian okuphindaphindiweyo kunokuphelisa ukuthembana kumaziko naphakathi kwabantu.
• Urhwaphilizo: Ukutyekela ekuthandeni izilangazelelo zobuqu kunokukhokelela kwizenzo zorhwaphilizo kumacandelo ezopolitiko nezoqoqosho.
• Ukungalingani: Izicwangciso zeMachiavellian zinokunyusa ukungalingani kwezentlalo ngokuthanda abo bazimisele ukuxhaphaza inkqubo.
• Imozulu yentlalo embi: Ukukhuthazwa kwemilinganiselo yeMachiavellian kunokuba negalelo ekudaleni imeko yentlalo egxekayo kunye nengenavelwano.

Umahluko phakathi kweMachiavellianism kunye nobukrelekrele beemvakalelo

Kubalulekile ukwahlula iMachiavellianism kubukrelekrele beemvakalelo:

• I-ingqondo yengqondo ibandakanya ukuqonda kunye nokulawula ngokufanelekileyo iimvakalelo, zombini kunye nezabanye.
• Kwelinye icala, iMachiavellianism ibandakanya ukulawula iimvakalelo zabanye ukuze kuzuze yena.

Nangona zombini zibandakanya ukuqonda amandla entlalo kunye neemvakalelo, iinjongo zabo kunye neziphumo zahluke kakhulu.

Ukuziphatha kweMacavellian kwixesha ledijithali

Ubudala bedijithali bubonelela ngamathuba amatsha okuziphatha kweMachiavellian:

• Amajelo osasazo ezentlalo angasetyenziselwa ukuguqula izimvo zoluntu
• I-Cyberbullying kunye ne-disinformation iba zizixhobo zokukhohlisa kwinqanaba elikhulu
• Ukungaziwa kwi-Intanethi kunokwenza kube lula ukuziphatha kweMachiavellian ngaphandle kweziphumo ezikhawulezileyo

Ezi ndlela zintsha zokuziphatha zibangela ucelomngeni olukhulu kuluntu lwanamhlanje.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, ukuziphatha kukaMacavellian luphawu lobuntu oluntsonkothileyo oluzibonakalisa njengokutyekela ekulawuleni, ukuqhawuka ngokweemvakalelo, kunye nendlela yepragmatic yokuziphatha. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha inokukhokelela kwimpumelelo yomntu, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezithile zobungcali, iziphumo zayo kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye noluntu ngokubanzi zimbi kakhulu. Ukuqonda ukuziphatha kweMachiavellian kubalulekile ekuchongeni nasekulawuleni ezi ndlela zokuziphatha, zombini kwinqanaba lomntu kunye noluntu.

👇 Ukuya phambili:

• I-Ingxaki yoBuntu obuToxic – Iimpawu ezili-10 zokuThatha uvavanyo
• Paranoid manipulative personality: yintoni iparanoia?
• Manipulative Narcissist – Iimpawu ezili-10 zokuQaphela iHer