Umqambimanga wezifo okhohlisayo: indlela yokumbona, ukumphazamisa, nokuzivikela kuye

Ekuqaleni, izindaba zabo zazikuthakazelisa: isikhathi esidlule esingavamile, ukuxhumana okudumile, amaphrojekthi amangalisayo. Ngemuva kwalokho imininingwane yaqala ukuwohloka. Usuku olwashintsha, idiploma engatholakali, umngane ongakaze ayizwe le ndaba. Uma ubuza ngayo, babehlala benempendulo, futhi wagcina uzizwa unecala ngokubangabaza.

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi ubhekene yini ne- umqambimanga wezifo okhohlisayoLesi sihloko sikusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi iyini i-mythomania, ihluke kanjani ekuphathweni kabi, ukuthi ungayiqaphela kanjani, ukuthi ungasabela kanjani kumuntu oqamba amanga njalo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani.

Ingabe i-mythomania iyisifo?

I-Mythomania ibhekisela ekuthambekeleni kokuqamba amanga ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngokuvamile ngokwakha izindaba ezihlobisa iqiniso noma ezithuthukisa isithombe somuntu. Ibizwa nangokuthi “ukuqamba amanga okuphazamisayo” noma, ngezindlela zayo ezimbi kakhulu, i-pseudologia fantastica, igama elisetshenziswa odokotela bezifo zengqondo iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.

Ingabe kuyisifo? Impendulo icacile. I-Mythomania ayiyona, kuze kube manje, ukuxilongwa okuqashelwa ngokugcwele ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu zengqondo. Kunalokho, ibhekwa njengesibonakaliso esingahambisana nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izinkinga ezithile zobuntu. Isibuyekezo sethulwe ngo-2021 ku I-European Psychiatry Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi le ndaba isaphikiswana ngayo kwezokwelapha izifo zengqondo, nokuthi kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuqamba amanga okuvamile nokuqamba amanga okugula ngengqondo.

Abacwaningi bakhuthaza ukuqashelwa okucacile kokuqamba amanga okudala. Ucwaningo lwango-2020 lukaDrew Curtis noChristian Hart luchaza ukuqamba amanga okudala njengokuphikelela, okuvame ukubonakala sengathi kuyaphoqa, ngezinye izikhathi kuvela emangeni okuqala akhula, futhi kuholele ekuhluphekeni kwangempela nasebunzimeni empilweni yomuntu. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngemvelaphi kanye nokusebenza kwe-mythomania, funda isihloko sethu esijulile mayelana i-mythomania.

I-Mythomaniac noma i-manipulator: umehluko uyini?

Akubona bonke abaqambimanga abanesifo abakhohlisayo, futhi akubona bonke abakhohlisayo abakhohlisayo. Umehluko useku umsebenzi wamanga :

• Uma kwenzeka umqambimanga “olula” wezifoUkuqamba amanga ngokuyinhloko kusiza ekuhlobiseni isithombe somuntu, ukugcwalisa umuzwa wokungabi nalutho noma ukungafaneleki. Angase agcine esekholelwa ezindabeni zakhe. Uvame ukuhlupheka ngenxa yalokho.
• Ku-manipulator’sUkuqamba amanga kuyithuluzi lokuthola okuthile: ukunconywa kwakho, imali yakho, ukuthembela kwakho, noma ukuzikhulula ezenzweni zakho.
• Uma kwenzeka umuntu oqamba amanga okhohlisayoLokhu kokubili kuyahlangana: wakha isithombe esithophayo ukuze ayenge, bese esebenzisa amanga ukuze alawule, azizwe enecala, futhi adideke.

Yile phrofayili yokugcina ebangela umonakalo omkhulu ebudlelwaneni, ngoba ukuqamba amanga akuyona nje iphutha: kuba yindlela yokusebenza, indlela yokugcina ukulawula. Kuvame ukutholakala kubantu abachazwa njengabantu abaphambukile abazikhukhumezayo. Bheka futhi iphrofayili yethu yalabo umkhohlisi wemizwa.

Indlela yokubona umqambimanga wezifo okhohlisayo

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu. Akukho neyodwa eyanele; ukuqongelela kwazo okufanele kukuxwayise.

Enkulumweni yakhe

• Izindaba ezinkulu Uhlale ebhekene nezinto ezingavamile, abantu ababalulekile abaziwayo, futhi esondela kakhulu emisebenzini emikhulu.
• Imininingwane eshintshayo : indaba efanayo ilandiswa ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngosuku noma umuntu otshelwayo.
• Izimpendulo ezilungisiwe : uma ukhomba ukungahambisani, ngokushesha uthola incazelo, ngokuvamile eyinkimbinkimbi.
• Isikhathi esidlule okunzima ukusiqinisekisa : bambalwa ofakazi, izihlobo “zithukuthele” noma “zihambe kude”.

Ngendlela yakhe yokusabela

• Intukuthelo enamandla lapho umuntu engabaza “Ungibiza ngomqambimanga? Ngemva kwakho konke engikwenzela kona?”
• Ukuguqulwa kwendima : nguwe osolayo, onomona, okhathazekile.
• Ukukhanyisa igesi Uyaphika ukuthi ushilo lokho akushilo, okwenza ungabaze inkumbulo yakho. Isihloko sethu mayelana imishwana yokukhanyisa igesi Unikeza izibonelo eziningi zalokhu.
• Izinyembezi noma ukuhlushwa ngesikhathi itholakala.

Ebudlelwaneni

• Uvame ukuzizwa udidekile, njengokungathi iqiniso liyashintsha;
• Uyahlola, ufune ubufakazi, bese ufuna ukukwenza;
• Abathandekayo bakho bakhathazekile noma abasamkholwa;
• Izindaba zemali azikacaci (izikweletu, imali mboleko, amaphrojekthi angakaze atholakale).

Umqambimanga we-pathological oziqhenyayo: kungani isixhumanisi sivame kangaka

Amanga omqambimanga othanda ukuzikhukhumeza avame ukuhlose ukuvikela isithombe sakhe esiphelele. Ukuvuma iphutha, ukwehluleka, noma ubuthakathaka akunakubekezeleleka kubo; bakhetha ukubhala kabusha iqiniso. Baqamba amanga ukuze bathole ukunconywa abakufisayo. Lapho lo muntu engena ebudlelwaneni, ukuqamba amanga kuba ithuluzi lokulawula: bayazi ukuthi bakutsheleni, futhi awusakwazi ukuthi kuyiqiniso. Abesifazane bangabonisa futhi le ndlela: bheka isihloko sethu ku umuntu okhohlisayo lowo odumile.

Qaphela ukuthi ungadideki izinto: abanye abantu abahlushwa izifo zengqondo bangase basho izitatimende ezinganembile ngaphandle kokuhlosa ukukhohlisa. Isihloko sethu Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukukhohlisa, noma umqambimanga? kukusiza ukuthi wenze umehluko.

Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yomqambimanga onesifo (futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, zivikele)

Abantu abaningi bazama “ukumgwema” umqambimanga onesifo, ukuze bamenze avume. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, kodwa kuvame ukukhathaza futhi kungasebenzi: usejwayele ukubalekela. Kungcono ukuhlosa ukuzinza kwakho kunokuba avume izono zakhe. Nansi indlela enamaphuzu ayi-7:

1. Themba amaqiniso, hhayi amazwi. Lokho akwenzayo kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho akushoyo. Qaphela ukuvumelana phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
2. Landelela izinto. Qaphela izinsuku, izithembiso, izinguqulo ezilandelanayo. Gcina imiyalezo. Lokhu kukuvikela ekungabazeni nasekukhanyeni kwegesi.
3. Buza imibuzo eqondile nezolile. “Usuku luni? Nobani?” Amanga awahambisani kahle nemininingwane eqondile. Kodwa ungakuguquli kube ukuphenywa okuqhubekayo.
4. Ungazithetheleli ngokungabaza. Ukungabaza ukungahambisani kunempilo. Umusho owodwa wanele: “Lokho okushoyo akuhambelani nalokho engikwaziyo.”
5. Yenqaba ukuzibandakanya ezimpikiswaneni ezingapheli. Uma ingxoxo iqhubeka ngokwezindilinga bese ugcina usolwa, yiqede: “Ngeke ngiqhubeke nale ngxoxo.”
6. Vikela izimali zakho kanye namadokhumenti. Ungabolekisi imali ngaphandle kwerekhodi elibhaliwe, ungasayini lutho ngaphansi kwengcindezi, gcina ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti akho.
7. Khuluma ngakho ngaphandle. Isihlobo, uchwepheshe, inhlangano: umbono wangaphandle uyakusiza ukuthi uhlale uqinile eqinisweni.

Ukuze uthole ezinye izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuqamba amanga, xhumana nomhlahlandlela wethu ku- umkhohlisi wemizwa.

Uhlu Lokuhlola: Ingabe uxhumana nomqambimanga wezifo okhohlisayo?

• ☐ Izindaba zakhe ziyashintsha kuye ngosuku noma abantu.
• ☐ Angikwazi ukuqinisekisa okuningi kwalokho angitshele khona.
• ☐ Uma ngizibuza, yimina ogcina ngixolisile.
• ☐ Ngivame ukuzizwa ngididekile ngemva kwezingxoxo zethu.
• ☐ Izinkinga zemali azikacaci noma azikaxazululwa.
• ☐ Izihlobo zami ziveze ukungabaza ngaye (noma ngaye).
• ☐ Ukuxolisa kwakhe, uma kukhona, akushintshi lutho.

Indlela yokwelapha i-mythomania?

Umuntu oqamba amanga ngokwezifo angashintsha uma evuma inkinga yakhe bese eqala ukwelashwa kwengqondo. Isinyathelo kumele sivele kuye; awukwazi ukumelapha ngenxa yakhe. Umsebenzi uvame ukugxila ekuzithembeni, ehlazweni, kanye nesidingo sokuqashelwa. Isihloko sethu mayelana i-mythomania kanye nokwelashwa Uchaza lezi zindlela. Uma ukuqamba amanga kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuze kulawulwe futhi umuntu engaboni nkinga ekuziphatheni kwakhe, amathuba okushintsha ayancipha.

Isilinganiso sempilo Uma unemibuzo mayelana namanga akho, ungangabazi ukubonana nodokotela wengqondo noma udokotela wengqondo: akukho namahloni kukho, kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Uma ubuhlobo bukwenze wazizwa ukhathazekile, ukhathele, noma ucindezelekile, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Uma kwenzeka ingozi : 3919, 17 ou 112.

Imibuzo fréquentes

Ingabe umqambimanga onesifo sofuba uyazi ukuthi uqamba amanga?

Esikhathini esiningi, yebo, okungenani uma eqamba amanga. Kodwa-ke, abanye bagcina bekholelwa kakhulu ezindabeni zabo kangangokuthi umugqa uba lufifi nakubo.

Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kwe-mythomania?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okuthembekile okuku-inthanethi. Uchwepheshe kuphela ongahlola ukuqamba amanga kwezifo, ecabangela umlando womuntu kanye nanoma yiziphi izifo ezihlobene nakho.

Ingabe kufanele sibhekane nomqambimanga obangela izifo?

Ungasho amaqiniso ngokuthula, kodwa ulindele ukuphikwa noma ukuhlaselwa. Ukubhekana kumayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuma kwakho, hhayi ukuthola isivumo.

Ingabe umqambimanga okhohlisayo obangela izifo angashintsha abe uthando?

Uthando lodwa alwanele. Ushintsho oluhlala njalo ludinga ukuqwashisa kanye nomsebenzi wokwelapha ohlangothini lomuntu ngamunye.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlala nomqambimanga okhohlisayo obangela izifo kufana nokuhlala enkungwini engapheli. Unelungelo lokufuna iqiniso, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ilungelo lokuzivikela. Themba amaqiniso, gcina amarekhodi, uzungeze ngokusekelwa, futhi ukhumbule ukuthi ukungabaza kwakho bekusemthethweni. Uma ungathanda ukuthi ukwesekwa kuphume kule nkungwini, thola ukwesekwa kwezisulu zabahlukumezi abazikhukhumezayo.

Imithombo

• UCurtis DA noHart CL, “Ukuqamba Amanga Okubangela Izifo: Ukusekelwa Kwemfundiso Nokwengqondo Kwenhlangano Exilongayo,” Ucwaningo Lwezengqondo Nomkhuba Wezokwelapha2020: I-PMC9176035
• UValadas MT noFreitas RM, “Ulele ngezifo zengqondo: Isibuyekezo”, I-European Psychiatry2021: I-PMC9475576
• I-Service-Public.fr, “Udlame Lwasekhaya”: isevisi-public.gouv.fr

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